Photography Blog - 2024

Well, Storm Darragh blew across here a few days ago with 120km/h gusts, probably more on the cliff tops nearby, but you couldn’t stand up and there was sea spray everywhere – not conducive to taking high-quality pictures on a large diameter lens, even facing away from the wind!  So, we went out the following day when it was only gusting to about 90km/h, but up on the Barras Nose headland overlooking the Tintagel Haven beach, you could still hardly stand up – not surprisingly, there was nobody else around.

The whole area of sea was a foaming maelstrom, with surf and waves crashing in all directions.  As the Arctic wind was coming from the north though, it fed straight in to the little cove, which was hardly a haven!  It was high tide too – this picture with a few glimpses of sun on the aquamarine water was taken at 24mm on my Z 24-120mm f/4 S lens using f/8, 1/400s and ISO 250.  Unlike my previous DSLR lenses, which could be a little soft at their zoom extremes (even the fabulous 24-70mm f/2.8), this Z lens is sharp throughout its whole range, as is my new Z 14-30mm f/4 S.

Compare this image to one taken two months ago, also at high tide, but considerably calmer!  It was taken at 21mm on the Z 14-30mm f/4 S lens with f/11, 1/125s and ISO 100.

It never really gets snowy down here on the coast, as the sea keeps the temperature a good few degrees above the countryside.  So, while there was considerable snow only a few miles away towards Bodmin Moor, we only got a dusting here yesterday.  By lunchtime it had stopped snowing and it had become a beautifully sunny day, though only about 2^oC.

Around Tintagel Island and the cliffs, there was almost no snow left at all, but the view northwards from Barras Nose towards Boscastle showed quite a bit on the clifftops and fields.  In the foreground are The Sisters, which are actually two rocks off the headland of Willapark, though it always look like one rock from here.  Behind, are the two rocks across Bossiney Haven, Long Island and Short Island, and just between them in the background is the rock that sits outside Boscastle Harbour, Meachard.

This shot was taken with my new Nikon Z 7II FX camera, using 103mm on the Z 24-120mm f/4 S lens with f/10, 1/160s and ISO 100.

By tomorrow, the temperatures are up to 15^oC as the wind changes direction from north to south, with heavy rain and 90km/h gusts, as Storm Bert rolls in!

On our last day in Madeira, we drove up to Santana on the North-East corner of the island, and from here you can drive up to near the top of Pico Ruivo, from where you can also then hike to the summit.  Pico Ruivo is the highest mountain on the island at 1,861m.  There are great views all around, especially down to the South and East coasts.

The first photo is looking West to the top of Pico Ruivo, taken at 70mm, f/11, 1/160s and ISO 100.  The white balance (WB) needs some adjustment up here in the mountains, as the expected daylight temperature of 5,500K produces very blue images – I had to increase the WB to 8,500K to get a good colour match of the oranges and blues, all of which is easy to do with RAW files.

The second shot is a merged panorama of 4 photos at 27mm, f/11, 1/160s and ISO 100, looking South towards Funchal.  In the sea to the left, you can see the three islands that sit just off the capital, the Ilhas Desertas, while in the middle is Pico do Areeiro (at 1,818m with the radio masts and dome), followed by Pico Ruivo on the right.  Here, the best WB overall was at 8,000K – ideally, the clouds should be little less orange (at around 7,500K), whereas the peaks could be a tad more (at 8,500K).  The final panoramic picture was around 14,000 by 4,500 pixels, ie 63MP.

This was the very last outing with my D810 and 24-70mm f/2.8 combination, which I have now sold at Grays of Westminster, from where I buy all my Nikon gear.  I have moved on to the inevitable mirrorless format, with a full-frame Z 7II, which is perfect for landscapes.  I’ve also got the Z 24-120mm f/4 S as the main lens and the Z 14-30mm f/4 S as my wide angle.  The mirrorless system takes a while to get used to, compared to a DSLR, and is quite different in many regards, but the quality across the whole range and the extra features are great.

Lovely sequence here over about half an hour before sunrise, which was taken overlooking Funchal harbour – actually, just from our hotel room balcony, which was nice.

The first was a slightly wider shot at 31mm of the harbour area, the lights of the city, the pre-dawn orange and red glow of the sky, the tiny crescent of the waning moon (less than 2% illuminated as it was the New Moon the following day), and the silhouette of the three islands at Ilhas Desertas.  The moon crescent appears a little larger than 2% as it was a 10s exposure, which gives a slightly elongated effect to the moving light.  You can see the rest of the moon faintly lit - this is caused not by the light directly from the sun, but by the reflected light off the earth and its clouds.  This earthshine effect was first described by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century.  The photo was taken about 25 minutes before sunrise at f/11 and ISO 64.

The second image was taken a few minutes before the sunrise itself, with a fantastically colourful yellow, orange and red sky.  You always get the best sunrise or sunset shots with some cloud around – too much and you see nothing, too little and only the sky itself becomes coloured, whereas just the right amount produces a huge range of colours in the various cloud formations.  This was taken using 35mm, f/11, ISO 64 and 1/30s.

The final one was taken about 5 minutes after the sunrise, when the whole sparkling orb had appeared.  The colours here are rapidly turning yellow as the day dawns.  It was taken at 35mm, f/11, ISO 64 and 1/50s.

Porto Moniz is up on the North-West corner of Madeira, where we stopped on our way around to the waterfalls at Rabacal.  There are natural rock pools at Porto Moniz created on the coast amongst the dark lava rock formations.  This first shot is early morning looking out to the island, Ilheu Mole – it was taken at 28mm on my 24-70mm f/2.8 lens with f/11, 1/160s and ISO 125.  The sea was a beautifully blue-green colour with clear white surf, which looked great against the almost-black rocks.  The white balance (WB) needed some adjustment, as you would expect it to be around 5,500K, ie daylight, but it was actually more like 7,500K, which you would normally get in a shady place.

I held the sky back by 0.75 stops in Lightroom and then had to remove quite a few people from the area around the rock pools – I don’t like random people in my landscape shots and having them there makes the image less attractive for sale purposes, unless there’s some good purpose for people to be there!

Once we got around to Rabacal at midday, it was surprisingly packed – only just being able to get in to a rough car parking area besides the road.  It then took about an hour to hike down the valley along the Levada do Risco towards the main cascade at Risco Waterfall, which is where the Ribeira Grande river drops about 100m down the mountainside.  The levadas are irrigation channels built from the 16th century by slaves and convicts, which carry water from the wetter North-West of the island to the drier but more pleasant South-East, where the sugar cane plantations where located.  They now also provide a large network of hiking trails, covering thousands of kilometres.

The main waterfall didn’t have a huge amount of water in it, compared to some images that I have seen, but its height was still very impressive.  This shot was taken at 32mm, f/7.1, 1/160s and ISO 400.  Ideally, I should have brought my tripod with me, but had left it behind in the car!  The light around the falls was at about EV 11, which would have produced a better, but more milky, image at f/18, ISO 64 and 1/4s.  Still, it was a lovely walk and the actual image will sell nicely on Alamy.  The WB here, in the shade, was best at 8,000K.

And, back to more huge rocks in Madeira!  You can drive pretty much to the top of Pico do Areeiro (or Pico do Arieiro) from Funchal on the South coast, though it is still a reasonable walk to get to the various viewing platforms at the top.  It’s the third highest mountain in Madeira at 1,818m and from here you can see all the way down to the North, East and South coasts.  As you are often above the clouds though, you only get glimpses of the sea, here and there.  Pico Ruivo (the highest peak at 1,861m) is just a short distance away to the North, though the hike there is very down and up again – we chose instead to go to Pico Ruivo a few days later by driving across from the East coast near Santana.

It was a beautifully clear and bright day above the clouds, though it was quite chilly (12^oC) when we arrived in the early morning, but quickly warmed up to over 25^oC by lunchtime.  The first image is a panorama looking South/South-West towards Ribeira Brava on the coast, while at the far right side of the frame is Pico Ruivo. This panorama was taken by merging 3 x 27mm photos at f/11, 1/160s and ISO 80.

The second picture shows a close-up of the wonderful rock formations just below Pico Ruivo.  This image was taken at 28mm, f/11, 1/160s and ISO 100.  Madeira is a volcanic island, of course, which started forming over 100m years ago, though most of the island was formed by rising magma and uplift over the last 2-25m years.  The rocks are mainly made of basalt, though there is also limestone (from old sea beds) that has been pushed up during the various uplifting processes.

We walked up Rough Tor last week on a dry day, but the storm and rain clouds were just starting to roll in across the moors, making it very atmospheric.  There are several peaks close to each other with an assortment of natural rocks and man-made cairns.  Rough Tor itself is the 2nd highest peak in Cornwall at 400m.

The Cornubian Batholith under most of Cornwall is an igneous coarse-grained granite (comprising mainly quartz and feldspar) that was pushed up in the Permian Period about 280m years ago.  This was just after the Carboniferous Period and before the Triassic, ie before any dinosaurs.  Subsequent sedimentary layers of shale and sandstone then covered much of this Cornwall granite.  The surrounding shale was converted in to the metamorphic slate, under further heat and pressure.  There are now five locations (Land’s End, Tregonning/Godolphin, Carnmenellis, St Austell and Bodmin Moor) were the granite is exposed after millions of years of further erosion of the overlying rocks.

The granite is heavily jointed, both vertically and horizontally, due to contraction on cooling of the magma and expansion over time, all of which is very visible on the various Tors.  The granite batholith also contained significant quantities of minerals, especially tin ore (Cassiterite) and China Clay (Kaolinite), both of which have been mined here since about 2,000BC, along with the mineral ores of copper, lead, zinc and tungsten.

I am now using my new Nikon mirrorless Z 7II full-frame camera, which is especially suited to landscapes having a native ISO of 64, a wonderful 46MP sensor and a very large dynamic range.  The panorama was taken on my new Z 24-120mm f/4 S lens at 30mm, f/11, 1/125s and ISO 100 – it consists of 3 images merged in Photoshop.  It looks South-East across the whole of a stormy Bodmin Moor with Cornwall’s highest peak (Brown Willy at 420m) on the left.

The second image was taken looking West towards Camelford and Delabole (and the sea eventually) at 96mm, f/11, 1/125s and ISO 100.  It shows a beautiful example of the naturally-jointed granite on the Tors, that finally forms large, and then smaller, blocks known as clitter.  It’s a very special place to stand and observe the whole 360 degree view, and to watch the clouds roll by!

We crossed the island from south to north on the main road from Funchal to Sao Vicente, but came back south by driving up through the mountains on the old regional road.  These two photos were taken in the late afternoon coming through Encumeada, which is up at about 1,500m.  It was beautifully clear, with a lovely bank of low white cloud sweeping down between several of the peaks.

There had been a series of forest fires around Encumeada during the very dry summer and the trees were a mixture of burnt trunks/branches, autumn colours and some green re-growth that was already happening.

I took several panoramas around here with these ones at 29mm, f/11, 1/160s and ISO 100.  The first is a normal picture from the sequence, while the second is a series of 5 frames that were stitched together in Photoshop.  I prepare the images in Lightroom first and then use Photoshop to merge them all together, which is does wonderfully well, though it does also need quite a bit of tidying up to produce a panoramic view that I can sell.

Madeira’s highest mountain, Pico Ruivo at 1,861m, is in the distance too – I took closer pictures of it a few days later when we approached it from the other side.  The main north-south road is also hidden away here, but is basically in a tunnel through the whole mountain range that you can see in front of you, several hundreds of metres below the peaks!

We knew that Madeira was going to be spectacular, much more mountainous and lush than the Canary Islands, but we were still surprised at how rocky and steep it was, right up to the sea.  There are huge cliffs all around and virtually no beaches, certainly no sandy ones.  The roads are equally crazy, with the old regional roads being very windy and steep, with lots of hairpin bends, while the newer expressways (still only 1 lane each way) and motorway-style roads (just 2 lanes each way) are mainly in rock tunnels or on tall viaducts, but are all still very twisty.

On top of all those constrictions, it was very busy everywhere, even in late September.  The lovely temperatures of around 25C obviously help to keep the island attracting tourists.  All the main visitor locations in the south were packed and it was only when we drove to the north coast, that it became quieter.

On the first day, we drove along the south coast, heading west out of Funchal.  The first image is of the huge cliffs at Cabo Girao, which are 590m above the Atlantic Ocean below.  Amazingly, given how tall and steep they are, the photo shows that there was still considerable cultivation, both on the cliffs and at their base.  This was the last outing with my D810 and 24-70mm f/2.8 combination, as I have now moved on to the inevitable mirrorless format, with a full-frame Z 7II, which is perfect for landscapes.  I’ve now also got the Z 24-120mm f/4 S as the main lens and the Z 14-30mm f/4 S as my wide angle.  (I’m keeping my D500 and 200-500mm f/5.6 for my wildlife pictures).  This shot was taken on my old lens and camera at 24mm, f/11, 1/160s and ISO 64.

Just between Ponta do Sol and Madalena do Mar, we drove out of a roughly-hewn tunnel on the old coast road and came across one of the few beaches, though it was very pebbly.  Just behind was another tall cliff, with a lovely waterfall dropping down among the vegetation – at the base there was quite a lot of cultivated banana plants.  The picture was made better with the addition of a colourful paraglider that was hovering on the thermals above the cliff top.  This was taken at 70mm, f/11, 1/160s and ISO 160.

The Perseids meteor shower was due to peak on Monday evening (12/13 Aug), and so we went out at about 11pm.  The astronomical twilight didn’t end until 11.05pm and the moon didn’t set until 11.10pm, both meaning that it wasn’t properly dark until after that time.  It was due to be clear skies, but then became quite cloudy for a while.  We were going to go up to the Barras Nose headland to get a view over the Atlantic Ocean, but with the cloud coming in, we stayed at home.  Then it became clear again – typical!  Our perspective means that the Perseids appear to radiate from the Perseus constellation, though they are all actually hitting the atmosphere in parallel.

There were quite a few meteors around – you need to look NE towards Perseus, which is best found as being below the obvious W of Cassiopeia, which is east of Polaris (which is easily found using the extension from The Plough).  The 6th brightest star in the night skies, Capella, is also a good guide, though it is quite low in the sky at this time of year – Perseus is just east of Capella.

I used my 24mm f/1.8 lens at f/4, which gives pretty good image quality – any wider aperture and the images are quite soft.  To get a good chance of capturing the meteors, I used 30s exposures with an ISO of 1600.  This is equivalent to EV -5, which is about right for star light.  Having taken dozens of frames and seen lots by eye, you can never be quite sure what the camera actually captured – this one was the best of the bunch.

In viewing the images on the camera display monitor, it then became clear that the Northern Lights were also starting to appear – not visible to the naked eye, but definitely a pink/magenta glow on the horizon, directly to the north.  So, waiting another 30 minutes, I saw the aurora peak and then fade away again.  Sadly, I didn’t get any image of both the Northern Lights and the Perseids in one shot.  This second image of the aurora also used 24mm, f/4, 30s and ISO 1600.

There wasn’t a huge amount of work needed in Lightroom, with the white balance at 5,000K, some fairly typical adjustments, and a good dose of noise reduction.

In the opposite direction to the sunrise shots below, there was the growing dawn light creeping on to Tintagel Island and over Tintagel Haven.  It took a while after the sunrise for the light to hit the island – but there was this lovely orange glow at about 6.00am, which was about 50 minutes after the sun had actually risen.  The gorgeous light also caught the hotel (Camelot Castle Hotel), the church (St Materiana’s Church) and the castle ruins.  Many tourists seem so disappointed at the “castle” and often assume that the hotel is the castle!  In reality, the castle fell in to disrepair not long after as it was built in 1233 – it was also only ever built as a fake to make mileage from the King Arthur legend that was written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in around 1136 (in Historia Regum Brittaniae - The History of the Kings of Britain, which was also a fake piece of history).  By the 1330s, the castle was already in ruins, exacerbated by the collapse of the isthmus connecting the island to the mainland.  So, there’s not been much there for 700 years!   But the Victorians loved the legend and by the 1860s, with the arrival of the trains, it had become a proper tourist location.  It is now one of English Heritage’s jewels, second only to Stonehenge in visitor numbers.

There was also a nice touch in the sky, with the waning gibbous moon in the SSW.  This long exposure image was taken at 20mm, f/11, ISO 64 and 1.3s with the 5-stop ND filter.  It is a merged panorama of two photos, as my widest 16mm focal length does not quite capture the whole scene.  This gives a final picture that is 8,200 by 4,100 pixels.  After the peaceful early morning, I processed the whole lot in Lightroom and then did the merging and final touch-ups in Photoshop.

Not quite on the summer solstice itself, as it was overcast (!), but a few days later, I got these wonderful shots of the sunrise, looking from Barras Nose in Tintagel up towards Boscastle.  You only get the sunrise over the water here for that time around the solstice when the sun is rising in the NE – very shortly, it will be moving around each week by just over 3 degrees, going further south (towards the SE) as winter now approaches!

The 20 June, even though it’s the longest day, is not actually the date of the earliest sunrise or the latest sunset.  The earliest sunrise is in fact 3-4 days before, and the latest sunset, 3-4 days afterwards – the same, but in reverse, happens at the winter solstice.  The latest sunrise is then actually about 10 days after the solstice, whereas the earliest sunset, is around 10 days beforehand.

The atmosphere was fantastic that morning – fabulous colours in the sky as they moved from red to red/orange to orange, lovely reflections in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and then stunning crepuscular rays in the clouds to top it all off, and nobody else around!

I was taking some photos at normal shutter speeds and some using a 5-stop ND filter to get some milkiness in the waters of the sea.  This sequence of three images were all taken on my D810 with the 16-35mm f/4 lens at 20mm, f/11 and ISO 64.  The first was at 5.35am, about 25 minutes after the sunrise, the second at 5.40am and the third at 5.45am.  There was a band of low cloud over the whole sea at this time, which is why the sunrise was hardly noticeable, until the sun poked its head above the clouds at about 5.30am.  The first two pictures were long exposures (with the 5-stop ND) using 2s and 1.3s respectively, while the third photo was taken unfiltered at 1/30s.  All in all, probably one of the best set of sunrise shots that I have captured over the years.  Definitely worth the effort of getting up at 4am!

Just finished the last tranche of photos from our Costa Rica trip – these were all taken on the last few days there, out in Punta Islita on the Pacific Ocean coast.  There were huge thunderstorms every evening and the first shot shows a view from our room out to sea at about 7pm.  I took dozens of long exposure images over about an hour, but only this one actually captured the lightning flash itself!  It was taken on my D810 and 16-35mm f/4 combination using 19mm, ISO 200, f/8 and 30s.

The following morning, we went for a dawn walk through the rainforest with a really good local wildlife guide.  The second shot then shows the sunrise light at about 6am on a wonderful White-throated Magpie-jay (Calocitta formosa).  This was taken on my D500 and 70-200mm f/4 combination using 200mm, ISO 280, f/4 and 1/500s.  There were lots of crepuscular animals around in that early morning light, but only a few were close enough to successfully capture on this mid-range focal length lens.  If only I had my longer 200-500mm f/5.6 lens with me – just didn’t have room in my bag for both!

As we finished the early morning walk at about 8am, we unexpectedly came across a troupe of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) crossing the trees right above us.  We had been hearing them for days, especially in the mornings, but this was our first actual sighting.  They were in the most shady part of the treetops though, picking mangos off the branches.  I captured quite a few pictures here but most were at quite high ISO, which made them a bit grainy for my liking, even after a good dose of noise reduction in Lightroom.  This one used 200mm, ISO 450, f/5.6 and 1/500s.  I was using the Auto ISO function, which can sometimes be fooled by the background light – in reality, I had to increase the exposure by over 2 stops in Lightroom, effectively giving an ISO more like 2,000.  It’s a nice shot, but a bit too noisy for me to sell on Alamy.

We had been seeing the Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) soaring in the skies from our very first day in San Jose, but never quite close enough to get good photos.  On the very last day though at about 10am, there was a group of about 12 of them flying around the valley hillsides on the rising thermals – it was already over 30^oC at this time.  Again, not quite close enough to fill the frame, even when cropped to 3,000 by 2,000 pixels, but the best of the bunch.  This image was taken at 200mm, ISO 140, f/4 and 1/2000s.

The weather is so changeable near the coast, such that when you can see from the forecast that a glorious sunset might occur, it often simply clouds over!  The sunsets with completely clear skies are good, though there is generally a bit of cloud/mist right on the horizon, but the best sunsets need just the right amount of cloud – just enough to get the colours right across the sky, but not too much to cover everything.

For the 4-5 weeks around the summer solstice, the sun sets in the NW at about 9.30pm, which puts it nicely next to Tintagel Island when viewed from Glebe Cliff – this gives a lovely shot with the sunset, the island and the two footbridges across to the mainland.

There are three photos here, one about an hour before sunset, the next about half an hour before, and the last one just a few minutes beforehand.  The transition is wonderful as the colours change from yellow to orange to orange/red.  I particularly like the middle one with the orange glow on the cliff edge.

I was trying to get a few long exposure shots of the surf too, but it was, surprisingly, very windy – so windy in fact that all my pictures at 1 to 5 seconds were too blurred, as the camera and tripod shook in the wind.  It only needs a tiny movement of the camera to see this motion blur on an FX sensor - I wanted blur in the surf, but not in the rocks!  The first image was done with a 5-stop ND filter at 0.6s, but the other two used no filter.  All were taken on my D810 with the 16-35mm f/4 lens at 18mm.  The first was at f/11, ISO 64 and 0.6s, the second at ISO 100, f/10 and 1/200s, and the third at ISO 64, f/11 and using 1/3s as the light levels dropped quickly with the setting light.

I held the sky back in Lightroom by about 1-stop, but a little more than that for the middle picture which had a brighter sun.  The white balance (WB) was quite normal for the first two images at about 6,500K, but the last one came out very blue until I significantly increased the WB to around 15,000K, which is quite a common trait at dusk.

After Monteverde, we drove across to Punta Islita on the Nicoya Peninsula, which was a very quiet spot on the fabulous Pacific Ocean coast, accessed only by miles of rough dirt tracks.  Annoyingly, we couldn’t take the direct route across the Tempisque River as the only bridge, the cable-stayed Puente La Amistad, was closed for major structural repairs – it’s only 20 years old!  This required a 3 hour detour up to Liberia.

It was all worth it though as Punta Islita was fantastic – much hotter and more humid than inland, but a wonderful hotel, deserted beach location, glorious scenery and an abundance of wildlife, as well as cracking thunderstorms at night.

First image is of a Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura similis) as it wondered around behind the beach, pretty much oblivious to me.  It was eating those green leaves and then crawled up on to the log to watch the Pacific waves crashing on to the beach.  It was quite some size, at about a 1m long, tail included.  I only had my D810 and 24-120mm f/4 on me at the time – this was taken at 120mm, f/8 for good depth of field, 1/400s and ISO 125.  You certainly notice the much better dynamic range on my D810 compared to my D500, allowing you to really dig in to the shadows with no loss of quality.

Just a few moments later a Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) flew in to one of the many Beach Almond trees along the edge of the beach.  It moved its way around the tree picking off the large nuts, cracking them open with its beak and then eating the nutty core.  It’s only when you see the photos that you realise the size and strength of its tongue!  It also was very well balanced, in holding on to the nut with one claw and on to the tree branch with its other one.  This shot used 120mm, f/8, 1/500s and ISO 200.

The Curi Cancha Wildlife Reserve in Monteverde is up at about 1,500m, which is why there were so many hummingbirds here.  There are over 50 different hummingbirds in Costa Rica and so it was good that we had a great guide to point out most of them to us.  Even so, I still had to do a fair amount of research back home to check that each image was correctly identified, which helps for selling them on Alamy.

These two were taken again on my D500 and 70-200mm f/4 combination, cropped to 3,000 by 2,000 pixels to get close enough.  Both were at 190mm, f/4 and 1/500s.  It was still quite shady (at about EV 11), needing ISOs of 400-800.  I use Manual for nearly all my photos, where I have time to consider and compose the image, but I do use the Auto ISO function for these sort of shots, enabling you to select the aperture and shutter speed, while the camera finds the ISO to suit.  This is great for these types of picture where you have no time at all to get the right exposure.  I would have used a slightly higher shutter speed if the light was brighter, but didn’t want to push the ISO too high either.  Even the first image works well though at this speed, with some nice motion blur in the wing movements.

The first picture is the Lesser Violetear Hummingbird (Colibri cyanotus) feeding from a purple flower.  They only stay on each flower for a few seconds and then skitter away somewhere else very quickly, making them difficult to photograph.  If you had time, you’d set up over just one flower and wait.  The second is a Purple-throated Mountaingem Hummingbird (Lampornis calolaemus), just waiting for a few seconds on the top of a stem.

We saw this Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii) in the trees by the side of the road by Lake Arenal, as we drove from the Arenal Volcano area down to Monteverde.  It’s also known as the Chestnut-mandibled or Black-mandibled Toucan.  It was taken with my D500 with the 70-200mm f/4 lens, as I didn’t bring my 200-500mm f/5.6 lens with me - space was too tight in my bag.  So, I did have to crop the frame quite tightly to get a good composition – 3,000 by 2,000 pixels though is the smallest that I can use for sale on Alamy.  It was taken at 200mm, f/5.6, 1/1000s and ISO 100.

Once in Monteverde, we went to the Curi Cancha Wildlife Reserve, which was much less crowded than the Monteverde Cloud Forest itself.  We did see Keel-billed Toucans (Ramphastos sulfuratus) here but I only captured one on camera, which was quite some distance away, as it came out of a hole in a tree.  Even with cropping, it was still too small in the picture for my liking.

I did get this Northern Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) though as it came out of another tree hole.  It’s bit smaller than a normal toucan and quite green!  Sadly, it was dull on the day and very dull up in the trees, meaning that I had to use an extremely high ISO.  Even with a good dose of noise reduction in Lightroom, the final image is fine, but not good enough for sale.  It was taken at 200mm, f/4, 1/320s and ISO 10,000.

There were so many other birds in Curi Cancha, and we had a great guide to point them all out to us, but more of those in the next blog.

What a view from our hotel room!  Uninterrupted vista of a huge and classically-shaped stratovolcano (1,670m high), with only tropical rainforest between it and us.  The grounds of the hotel were fabulous too as a colourful foreground.  The Arenal Volcano was the most active in Costa Rica until 2010, and indeed one of the ten most active in the world.  However, it has been dormant since 2010.

This first photo was captured just before sunset, as the thunderstorms and rains rolled in for the evening.  Looking south, it was taken at 31mm, f/11, 1/3s using a tripod and ISO 80.  I took some the following morning too as the Howler Monkeys were howling in the forest, but the light was not quite as good.

Later in the day, we went to the Arenal Volcano National Park and trekked along to this other viewpoint that was at the edge of the 1992 lava field.  This view of the volcano is now looking east.  It was now mid-morning but the low cloud over the peak still looked impressive, especially this shot that looked like the crater was fuming!  It was taken at 24mm, f/10, 1/160s and ISO 100.

After a day-long journey via Montreal, we spent the first day resting above the capital, San Jose.  Our hotel was in Alajuela, up in the mountains overlooking San Jose.  It had fabulously tropical grounds with every assortment of typical Costa Rican plants, especially the various Heliconias.  It was just at the start of the rainy season and so was not too hot (a nice 25⁰C) but not yet too wet – it really just rained in the late afternoon or early evening, with massive and very spectacular thunderstorms.

This first image is the Red Ginger (Alpinia purpurata) with vividly red bracts – these are part of the leaves, of course, with a white flower only forming at the ends of the bract.  It was taken at 92mm on my very versatile 24-120mm f/4 lens on the D810, using f/8, 1/125s and ISO 200.  The second photo is of a lovely starburst through the leaves of a palm tree, probably a coconut palm, which was taken at 24mm using f/11, 1/160s and ISO 100.

There was a trail in the grounds around the Rio Tacacori that we took, expecting to see five fairly small waterfalls – in reality, it was quite a trek, with each waterfall being very significant, certainly by UK standards.  Not a huge volume of water in each one but some very considerable drops.  This last picture was of the middle fall of the five, taken at 31mm, f/8, 1/125s and ISO 400.  If I had known they were all going to be that dramatic, I would have brought my tripod along to get some better shots at a lower ISO, eg at f/16, 1/4s and ISO 64.

On to La Fortuna and the Arenal Volcano next, where we were meeting up with our daughter and her boyfriend, who have been back-packing from Mexico to Panama since the New Year.

It’s been so wet here for months, almost ever since we got back from Canada in October!  These two shots were taken the day after Storm Kathleen, when it was still very windy, but not actually wet.  Even though it was the middle of the Easter holidays, not many people were around either.  English Heritage had closed the island due to the bad weather, as it always does when the wind really gets up.  The tide was going out but low tide was still a couple of hours away.

Both images were taken on my 24-120mm f/4 at 31mm, ISO 100, f/9 and 1/250s to capture the wave actions.  The first was looking from the Barras Nose headland back in to Tintagel Haven with St Materiana’s Church on the cliff top and the waterfall from our stream crashing on to the beach.  It’s actually the River Trerammet, not a stream.  There were a few people on the beach, wandering in to Merlin’s Cave, but I removed them in Photoshop, as they spoil my nice clean view otherwise!  The white balance was best at 7,000K and the sky was held back by 0.8 stops with a mask.

The second photo was looking north from the same spot in to the cove of Gullastem with the Willapark headland beyond, and the two rocks of The Sisters just out at sea.  In the distance are the headlands at Boscastle and Crackington Haven.  There’s always a great view from the bench located here – on this occasion, Jilayne was able to model as the wind-swept person looking out to the stormy seas.

One of the many reasons that I remove people from my images is that I cannot sell them on Alamy without providing Model Releases, which in this case, I have of course!

I’ve been meaning to get some long exposure sea shots around here for months, but it’s been so wet and windy since we got back from Canada.  There was a good opportunity a few days ago though – not quite clear skies,  but at least dry and some reasonable surf to capture.

There’s really only two places to get the best views of the Tintagel Island and the footbridge to the mainland.  The shots from Barras Nose (the headland just behind the footbridge in these pictures) are always good, as you can see the island, the bridges, the church (St Materiana’s) and our waterfall on to the beach at Tintagel Haven.  The problem is that the cove is generally quite shady, especially early morning or late afternoon, because the sun generally rises behind the hills and sets behind the island.  So, the better location is up on Glebe Cliff, where that side of the island gets the light at both sunrise and sunset.

Both these pictures were taken from Glebe Cliff using my D810 and 16-35mm f/4 lens at 24mm, and with a 10-stop ND filter.  The first image was taken in the morning, about 1½ hours after sunrise, using f/8, ISO 80 and a 10s exposure.  The normal light was around EV 13, which drops to about EV 3 with the ND filter – hence the long exposure.  I took a number of shots at 1s, 2.5s, 5s, 10s and 20s to see which came out best.  Whereas a lot of my painterly waterfall images might use a range from 1/8s to 1/2s to get a good sense of milky water but with good detail still, my sea/surf images tend to work better at a lower speed of 2.5s to 10s.  It’s all to do with the speed of the water – crashing waves are slower than falling waterfalls, and therefore appear better at lower shutter speeds.  You always have to experiment each time though.

The second photo was taken later in the day, about an hour before sunset.  The light was a bit brighter and more dramatic, but the surf was not quite as large as in the morning.  It was taken using f/8, ISO 100 and a 5s exposure.  Ideally, I would have preferred the late afternoon shot with the morning surf!  That’s why we have to go back again and again to places to capture the perfect event in the perfect light!

It was stormy and very wet for the whole four days that we were on Vancouver Island - none of which helps with getting good shots!  We were staying right on the coast in Ucluelet, which linked straight in to the Wild Pacific Trail, and it was certainly very wild.  This first shot was down near the lighthouse on Amphitrite Point, as the waves crashed on to the rocks.  I liked this particular image as there is also a black Cormorant flying in front of the surf.  This was taken on my D500 and 200-500mm f/5.6 lens at 200mm, f/5.6, 1/640s and ISO 100.  We also caught a fleeting glimpse of a Bald Eagle here, flying through the coastal trees, very close by, but not for long enough to capture anything.  We had also seen one near Banff a few weeks earlier, but again only for a few minutes and not close enough to get any nice photos.

We spent another few hours on the Wild Pacific Trail, but saw no whales or seals in the sea and nothing on land.  There lots of signs about the bears, cougars and wolves, but they were all clearly keeping well out of the way too.  This was probably good news about the cougars and wolves, but just a glimpse of a Black Bear would have been nice!

Anyway, we did see this pair of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) just on the way back in to the town – eating grass by the roadside, without a care for anyone around.  Both pictures were taken with the same D500 and telephoto zoom combination, using 350-450mm, f/5.6, 1/640s and ISO 1400, as it was quite shady and dull in the drizzle.  The female (or doe) was slightly smaller with no antlers, while the male (or buck) had antlers; quite small ones though – so, he was presumably still young.

When we got down to Earls Cove to catch the very early, first ferry of the day, it was completely foggy, but just as the sun rose, the whole area was covered in a lovely cloud or temperature inversion.  This is where the higher air is warmer than the cooler water in the bay, producing those beautiful low-hanging clouds – all very typical of an autumnal early morning around water.

The Sunshine Coast Highway 101 simply stops at Earls Cove and you have to get the ferry across to Saltery Bay, where the road picks up again.  We then drove around to Powell River and caught the much larger ferry across the Salish Sea to Comox on Vancouver Island – more of that in my next blogs!

This photo was taken from the first ferry, looking back towards Earls Cove and the rising sun, using my 24-70mm f/2.8 at 31mm, f/13, 1/250s and ISO 64.

A couple of days later, before we left the Skookumchuck Narrows and caught the ferry across to Vancouver Island, we were again down by the water’s edge looking for watery wildlife.  This time another Harbour Seal came right up to the shore having just caught a large salmon.  It seemed to play with it for quite a while, swimming around with it in its mouth, as can be seen in the first image.  Then, just a minute later, it started to rip the flesh off the fish and began to eat, as captured in the second photo.  The seal then quickly disappeared under the water and swam away.  We didn’t see it finish eating the fish – does it eat underwater, probably not.  It must have swum across somewhere else to conclude its meal in peace.

Unfortunately, the key moments were when it ventured in to the very shady areas next to the shore, meaning I had to bump the ISO up to around 3,200.  If only it had stayed in the late afternoon sunshine, I could have caught it all at ISO 100, instead of the 5 stops lower light level in the shade.  Otherwise, both pictures were taken on my D500 with the 200-500mm f/5.6 lens at 500mm, f/5.6 and 1/800s.  They are both a little bit grainy for my liking, even after some noise reduction processing in Lightroom – but that’s more acceptable for wildlife shots, than it ever would be for landscapes!

Almost finished processing all my photos from our trip to Western Canada last October!  In to the final stretch now as we’ve finished crossing the Rockies and made our way down towards Vancouver Island.

Having not seen any bears in the mountains, it was good to see some watery wildlife around Egmont, which is just off the Salish Sea between Vancouver Island and the mainland.  We were at a beautifully remote spot overlooking the Skookumchuck Narrows, with other inlets and mountains as a fantastic backdrop.

This first shot was taken at dawn using my 16-35mm f/4 lens on a D810.  The sun was rising on the right, but was causing the clouds on the left to glow orange – all very atmospheric, especially with the low clouds after the cool night.  It was taken at 18mm, f/11, 0.4s and ISO 64.

Later that afternoon, as the sun was starting to set, we were down by the water’s edge looking for seals or sea lions.  Suddenly, a majestic Great Blue Heron flew by and stood not far from us, looking for food on the foreshore.  And, then a short while later we saw two Harbour Seals tussling over a large fish (a salmon, presumably) that they had both caught in their mouths!  The greyer one on the left had one end of the fish, while the blacker one on the right had the other end.  They circled each other for a while and then disappeared under the water – no idea who won!  It was only on processing it today though that I saw it was a fish that they were squabbling over.  These were both taken on my D500 with the 200-500mm f/5.6 lens at 500mm, f/5.6, 1/800s and ISO 100.  Not surprisingly, this lens does have its best optics when wide open and fully zoomed out, which is where people would actually use it most often.

I wasn't quite close enough for both the wildlife shots (nothwithstanding the "effective" 750mm zoom on my DX camera and lens combination) and so, I also cropped them to 3000 by 2,000 pixels, which is the smallest size that I can sell on Alamy.  This is still plenty large enough to print out at high-quality at around A3 size.